A comprehensive dictionary of technical terms, equipment names, and process concepts used in the milling and grain processing sector. This dictionary is a valuable reference source for industry professionals, interns, students, and anyone interested in the sector.
The milling and grain processing sector is as old as human history, yet it is a field that is continuously renewed with technological developments. The technical terminology used in this sector encompasses both traditional knowledge and modern technological concepts. The correct use of terminology is vital for effective communication among sector stakeholders, operational efficiency, and maintaining quality standards.
This dictionary has been prepared with the deep experience and expertise of Tanış A.Ş. in the sector. Tanış A.Ş., with its deep-rooted history in milling machinery, aims to provide the most current technologies and knowledge to industry professionals in the processing of grains such as wheat, corn, and barley.
Dictionary Usage Guide
This dictionary is organized alphabetically and designed for easy use and reference. Each term is explained with a clear and understandable definition. The following signs and symbols are used in the dictionary:
- Related Terms: Other terms that may help understand a term are indicated with “See.”
- Synonyms: Some terms’ synonyms used in the sector are shown with “Syn:”
- English Equivalents: The commonly used English equivalent of each term is given with “Eng:”
The technical visuals in the dictionary have been added to help better understand equipment and processes. Below each visual, there are brief explanations of what the visual represents.
For more specific terms, you can benefit from the categorical index at the end of the dictionary. This index is classified under categories such as equipment terms, process terms, quality terms.
A
Actuator: A device that receives a signal and performs mechanical movement. Used in valves, motors, cylinders. Eng: Actuator
Adjustment Mechanism: Mechanical or automatic system used to precisely adjust the distance between roller pairs. Has critical importance in determining grinding fineness. Eng: Adjustment Mechanism
Alveograph: Device that measures the rheological properties of flour, testing dough’s extensibility and resistance. Used in quality evaluation of bread flours. Eng: Alveograph
Alpha-Amylase: Enzyme naturally found in wheat that breaks down starch into sugars. Plays an important role in flour quality and bread making. Eng: Alpha-Amylase
Amilograph: Device that measures starch gelatinization. Used in evaluating alpha-amylase activity. Eng: Amylograph
Ash Content: Amount of mineral matter in flour. Also known as ash amount, indicates flour yield and purity. Eng: Ash Content
Ash Analysis: Test that determines the mineral matter content of flour. It is an indicator of flour yield. Eng: Ash Analysis
Aspirator: Equipment used to separate light materials using air flow during grain cleaning process. Used to remove dust, husks, and other light foreign materials. Eng: Aspirator
Automatic Weighing: Process of automatically weighing products at specified weights. Eng: Automatic Weighing
Automation System: All electronic and mechanical components that provide automatic control of mill operations. Eng: Automation System
B
Bearing: Mechanical element that serves as a bearing for rotating shafts or spindles, reducing friction. Eng: Bearing
Belt Conveyor: System that transports material on a flexible belt. Eng: Belt Conveyor
Belt Dryer: Equipment used to dry grains or flours under controlled temperature and air flow on a conveyor belt. Eng: Belt Dryer
Bin Weight: Weight of grain per unit volume (100 liters). An important indicator of grain quality. Eng: Hectoliter Weight
Bleaching: Chemical or physical process used to improve flour color. Eng: Bleaching
Blending: Mixing different wheat varieties in specific proportions. Eng: Blending
Boulangerie: (French) Bakery, the art of bread making. Eng: Boulangery
Bran: Outer protective layer of wheat grain. Eng: Bran
Bran Flakes: Husk pieces separated from the endosperm part of wheat grain. Eng: Bran Flakes
Break Passage: Grinding stage where grain passes through the first breaking process. Generally expressed with codes like B1, B2, B3. Eng: Break Passage
Break System: Breaking system – first roller systems used to separate wheat endosperm from bran. Eng: Break System
Brush Machine: Brushed equipment used to clean dust, husks, and foreign materials from grain surfaces. Eng: Brush Machine
Bucket Elevator: System that transports material vertically through buckets mounted on a belt or chain. Eng: Bucket Elevator
Bushing: Cylindrical element that provides protection against wear between two mechanical parts or guides movement. Eng: Bushing
C
Chain Conveyor: System that transports material horizontally or inclined using chain mechanism. Eng: Chain Conveyor
Conditioning: Tempering – process of adjusting wheat moisture content before milling. Eng: Conditioning
Control Sieve: Safety sieve used to catch unwanted particles in the final product. Eng: Control Sieve
Conveyor Belt: Flexible, moving surface used to transport materials horizontally or inclined. Eng: Conveyor Belt
Coupling: Mechanical element that connects two shafts together. Eng: Coupling
Cyclizer: Equipment working with centrifugal principle used to separate fine and coarse particles in flour classification. Eng: Cyclizer
D
Damaged Starch: Starch granules damaged due to mechanical processing during milling. Eng: Damaged Starch
Density Separator: Equipment that classifies grains according to their specific weights. Eng: Density Separator
Destoner: Equipment used to separate stones and heavy foreign materials from grains. Eng: Destoner
Detacher: Equipment used to separate fine shell layers and dust from grain surfaces. Eng: Detacher
Diaphragm: Mechanical element that provides pressure or vibration transmission using flexible membrane. Eng: Diaphragm
Distributor: Automatic or manual system that distributes grain or flour flow to different channels. Eng: Distributor
Dormancy Period: Time that must pass after harvest for grain to gain germination ability. Eng: Dormancy Period
Dosing System: System that ensures precise and automatic addition of additives to flour production. Eng: Dosing System
Double Roller: Grinding unit consisting of two roller balls. Eng: Double Roller
Double Roller Mill: Grinding unit containing two roller balls. Consists of two cylinders rotating against each other to grind grain. Eng: Double Roller Mill
Dry Cleaning: Cleaning grains by mechanical methods without using water. Eng: Dry Cleaning
E
Eccentric Shaft: Shaft with circles or circles placed off-center, producing linear motion with rotational movement. Eng: Eccentric Shaft
Elevator: Bucket transport system used to transport grains and products vertically. Eng: Elevator
Embryo: The germination-capable, nutritious part of wheat grain. Usually separated in flour production. Syn: Germ. Eng: Embryo, Germ
Encoder: Sensor that converts position or speed information into digital signal. Eng: Encoder
Endosperm: Inner part of wheat grain converted to flour. Rich in starch and protein. Eng: Endosperm
Extensograph: Device that measures dough’s extensibility and resistance. Shows dough behavior during fermentation. Eng: Extensograph
Extraction Rate: Percentage of flour obtained from processed wheat. Eng: Extraction Rate
F
Falling Number: Test that measures alpha-amylase enzyme activity in flour. Used in evaluating flour’s bread-making quality. Eng: Falling Number
Farinograph: Device that measures and graphically records dough behavior during mixing. Gives water absorption, dough development time and stability values. Eng: Farinograph
Fat Content: Percentage expression of lipid amount in flour. Eng: Fat Content
Feed Roll: Cylindrical mechanism that ensures regular and controlled feeding of grain to roller balls. Has critical importance for regular grinding. Eng: Feed Roll
Fiber Content: Amount of indigestible carbohydrates found in grain or flour. Eng: Fiber Content
Filter: Device that provides cleaning of air or liquid by holding unwanted particles. Eng: Filter
Flange: Circular connecting element that connects pipes, valves and equipment to each other. Eng: Flange
Flow Balancer: System that distributes product flow to different channels in a balanced way. Eng: Flow Balancer
Flow Diagram: Diagram showing all process steps from raw material to final product in a mill facility. Shows process flow and equipment layout. Eng: Flow Diagram
Flowmeter: Device that measures the amount of fluid in a pipe. Eng: Flowmeter
Flour: Fine powder product obtained by grinding grains. Eng: Flour
Flour Blending: Process of mixing different flour types in specific proportions. Eng: Flour Blending
Flour Brushing System: Automatic system used for cleaning flour accumulated on sieves. Eng: Flour Brushing System
Flour Extraction Rate: Percentage of flour obtained from processed wheat. Eng: Flour Extraction Rate
Flour Improvers: Additives used to improve flour’s baking properties. Eng: Flour Improvers
Force Feeder: Mechanical device that ensures feeding of grain to processing lines at a fixed and controlled rate. Eng: Force Feeder
Foreign Material Separator: General name for equipment that separates unwanted materials from grain using various principles. Eng: Foreign Material Separator
Frequency Converter: Electronic device that changes electrical frequency to control motor speed. Provides energy saving and allows precise speed control. Eng: Frequency Converter
G
Gel Consistency: Gel-like consistency achieved by doughs prepared especially with modified flours. Eng: Gel Consistency
Germ: The center part of wheat grain, rich in protein and oil (germ, embryo). Eng: Germ
Glass Grain Ratio: Percentage of grains with vitreous endosperm in wheat grain. Quality indicator of hard wheats. Eng: Glass Grain Ratio
Gluten: Protein complex found in wheat flour that gives elasticity and stickiness to dough. Eng: Gluten
Gluten Index: Standardized test method used to measure gluten quality. Shows gluten strength. Eng: Gluten Index
Glutograph: Device that measures gluten stretching and flexibility properties. Shows gluten elasticity. Eng: Glutograph
Granulation: Particle size distribution of ground material. One of the important factors determining flour quality. Eng: Granulation
Gravimetric Feeding: Automatic system that performs precise feeding based on weight. Eng: Gravimetric Feeding
H
HACCP: Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points. Food safety management system. Eng: HACCP
Hammer Mill: Mill type where high-speed rotating hammers grind grain by breaking. Eng: Hammer Mill
Harmful Residue: Pesticide or other chemical residues that may be found in grains. Eng: Harmful Residue
Hectoliter Weight: Weight of wheat per 100 liters in kilograms. An important indicator of grain quality. Eng: Hectoliter Weight (HLW)
HMI Panel: Human-Machine Interface; control panel that allows operators to interact with machines and systems. Touch screens are commonly used. Eng: Human-Machine Interface Panel
Human-Machine Interface: Control panel that allows operators to interact with machines and systems. Eng: Human-Machine Interface
I
Impact Detacher: Equipment that cleans grains with high-speed impact effect. Eng: Impact Detacher
Isothermal Process: Process where temperature is kept constant. Eng: Isothermal Process
J
Jet Filter: Self-cleaning filtration system using pressurized air jets. Eng: Jet Filter
L
Laboratory Mill: Small-scale grinding equipment used for flour and grain analyses. Eng: Laboratory Mill
Level Sensor: Device that measures material level in silos or bunkers. Eng: Level Sensor
Level Transmitter: Device that measures and transmits material level in silos or tanks as a signal. Eng: Level Transmitter
Limit Screw: Screw mechanism with adjustable movement limit. Eng: Limit Screw
Lubrication: Process of lubricating equipment. Eng: Lubrication
M
Magnetic Separator: Magnetic equipment used to separate metal particles. Eng: Magnetic Separator
Malt Flour: Flour obtained from germinated grains with high enzyme activity. Eng: Malt Flour
Micronize: Very fine grinding process. Eng: Micronize
Middlings: Semolina – pieces obtained after breaking system, with bran separated but not yet fully converted to flour. Eng: Middlings
Mill Stone: Natural or artificial round stone used in grinding grains in traditional mills. Eng: Mill Stone
Milling Diagram: Schematic drawing showing milling flow, equipment layout and product transitions in mill. Eng: Milling Diagram
Mixograph: Device that graphically records dough mixing properties. Eng: Mixograph
Mixer: Equipment used to mix different flours or flour with additives. Eng: Mixer
Modified Atmosphere Packaging: Method of replacing normal air inside package with special gas mixtures to extend product shelf life. Eng: Modified Atmosphere Packaging
Moisture Analysis: Laboratory test that determines moisture amount in grain or flour. Eng: Moisture Analysis
Moisture Content: Amount of water in grain or flour. Usually expressed as percentage. Eng: Moisture Content
Moisture Sensor: Electronic device that measures moisture amount in grain or flour. Eng: Moisture Sensor
N
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Fast and non-destructive analysis method used in grain and flour analysis. Eng: Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR)
O
Optional Equipment: Additional equipment that can be used to expand main system functions, optional add-ons. Eng: Optional Equipment
Organic Flour: Flour obtained from grains grown according to organic farming standards. Eng: Organic Flour
P
Paddle Conveyor: Conveyor system that transports material using paddles. Eng: Paddle Conveyor
Passage: Each separate process stage in grinding system. Eng: Passage
Passage Setting: Optimization of parameters such as roller gap, feeding speed in each grinding stage. Eng: Passage Setting
Phantom Sieve: Very fine mesh sieve used in classification of finely ground products. Eng: Phantom Sieve
PLC: Programmable Logic Controller; computer-based device that controls industrial automation systems. Basic component of mill automation. Eng: Programmable Logic Controller
Pneumatic Conveying: Method of transporting products inside pipes using air flow. Commonly used especially for flour transport. Eng: Pneumatic Conveying
Production Capacity: Amount of grain a mill can process per unit time. Eng: Production Capacity
Protein Content: Percentage expression of protein amount in wheat or flour. Important selection criterion according to intended use. Eng: Protein Content
Pulley: Wheel-like element that provides motion transmission in belt-driven systems. Eng: Pulley
Purifier: Purifier – equipment that purifies using combination of air flow and sieving. Eng: Purifier
Q
Quality Control: Process of checking products according to specified standards. Eng: Quality Control (QC)
R
Raw Wheat: Wheat that has not been subjected to any processing, coming directly from harvest. Eng: Raw Wheat
Reduction Passage: Grinding stage where semolina is converted to flour after breaking. Generally expressed with codes like C1, C2, C3. Eng: Reduction Passage
Reduction System: Reduction system – roller systems that grind semolina into finer particles to convert to flour. Eng: Reduction System
Rheology: Science that studies flow properties of materials. Eng: Rheology
Roll Stand: Roller unit – main body where mill rollers are placed. Eng: Roll Stand
Roller: Cylindrical equipment made of steel, with rough or grooved surface, used to grind grains. Eng: Roller
Roller Cylinders: Cylinders used in mill system. Eng: Roller Cylinders
Roller Flutes: Grooves on roller surface that perform grinding function. Eng: Roller Flutes
Roller Gap: Adjustable value that determines the proximity of grinding rollers to each other. Eng: Roller Gap
Roller Milling: Process of grinding grain using rotating steel cylinders (rollers). Basic method of modern milling. Eng: Roller Milling
Rotary Valve: Rotating equipment used in pneumatic systems that provides air lock, allowing material passage while preventing air leakage. Eng: Rotary Valve
S
Sampling Device: Equipment used to automatically take samples from grain or flour. Eng: Sampling Device
SCADA System: Central control and monitoring system; provides remote monitoring and control of all equipment in facility. Collects data, monitors processes and manages alarms. Eng: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System
Scraper: Element that cleans material residues on conveyor belts. Eng: Scraper
Screen Room: Section where sieves are located in mill. Eng: Screenroom
Screw Conveyor: Mechanical system that transports material horizontally or inclined using a spiral screw. Eng: Screw Conveyor
Seal: Mechanical element made of flexible material that provides sealing. Eng: Seal
Sedimentation Value: Simple test method that evaluates flour protein quality. Zeleny and SDS sedimentation tests are commonly used. Eng: Sedimentation Value
Semolina: Coarser-grained product obtained during wheat grinding, compared to flour. Eng: Semolina
Semolina Purifier: Equipment combining air flow and sieve used in semolina purification. Eng: Semolina Purifier
Sensor: Device that converts a physical variable (pressure, temperature, level, etc.) into electrical signal. Functions as “eyes and ears” of automation system. Eng: Sensor
Separator: Equipment that separates grains according to their size, shape or densities. Eng: Separator
Shaft: Shaft that transmits rotary motion. Eng: Shaft
Sieve: Surface with specific pore sizes used to separate particles of different sizes. Eng: Sieve
Sifter: Sieve – vibrating sieve systems that classify ground products according to their sizes. Eng: Sifter
Silo: Vertical or horizontal structures used to store grains and products. Used for storing wheat, intermediate products or final products. Eng: Silo
Sorting Table: Equipment used to classify grains according to physical properties such as shape, size and weight. Eng: Sorting Table
Specific Gravity Separation: Separation of grain and foreign materials by utilizing specific gravity differences. Eng: Specific Gravity Separation
Spiral Conveyor: Conveyor system used to transport grain or flour, spiral-shaped. Eng: Spiral Conveyor
Spray Nozzle: Special tip used to spray water in tempering process. Eng: Spray Nozzle
Starch: Basic carbohydrate found in grains. Eng: Starch
Starch Damage: Condition of starch granules being damaged during grinding. Eng: Starch Damage
Steaming Cabinet: Pre-treatment equipment where grains are exposed to steam to gain moisture. Eng: Steaming Cabinet
Sunn Bug Damage: Quality loss caused by sunn bug damaging wheat proteins. Increases proteolytic enzyme activity. Eng: Sunn Bug Damage
Surface Active Agent: Additive used to increase flour quality, improving dough properties. Eng: Surface Active Agent
T
Tempering: Controlled moisture addition and resting process to bring wheat to optimum moisture content. Improves grinding efficiency. Eng: Tempering
Thousand Kernel Weight: Weight in grams of 1000 grain pieces. Shows plumpness and quality of grains. Eng: Thousand Kernel Weight (TKW)
Trace Elements: Minerals found in very low amounts in grains, having nutritional value. Eng: Trace Elements
Trieur: Equipment that separates foreign grains from grain according to shape difference. Used to distinguish short and long grains. Eng: Trieur
Type Value: Value used in classification of flour according to ash content. Eng: Type Value
V
Vacuum System: System used for product transport or dust collection by air suction. Eng: Vacuum System
Vibrating Sieve: Sieve system that performs particle separation with vibration movement. Eng: Vibrating Sieve
Vitreous Endosperm: Endosperm region with hard and semi-transparent appearance in wheat grain. Eng: Vitreous Endosperm
W
Washing Machine: Equipment that cleans grains from surface dirt by washing with water. Eng: Washing Machine
Washing Process: Removing dirt and foreign materials from grain surfaces by washing with water. Eng: Washing Process
Wear Plate: Replaceable plates usually made of hard material, used to protect areas exposed to wear in mill equipment. Eng: Wear Plate
Weight Transmitter: Device that converts weight information into electrical signal. Eng: Weight Transmitter
Wet Gluten: Protein mass obtained from flour by washing method, purified from starch. Eng: Wet Gluten
Wet Gluten Amount: Amount of gluten obtainable from wheat flour. Important parameter showing bread-making quality. Eng: Wet Gluten Amount
Wheat Blending: Mixing different wheat varieties in specific proportions. Eng: Wheat Blending
Wheat Mix: Wheat blend – mixing different wheat varieties in specific proportions. Eng: Wheat Mix
Wheat Silo: Large storage units used to store wheat, usually cylindrical in structure. Eng: Wheat Silo
Wheat Tempering: Process of controlled increase in wheat moisture content before grinding. This process makes the husk more flexible, facilitating its separation from endosperm. Eng: Wheat Tempering
Whole Wheat Flour: Flour containing all parts of wheat (endosperm, bran, germ). Eng: Whole Wheat Flour
Mill Process Terms
Terms Specific to Grinding Operations
Extraction Rate: Yield ratio expressed as percentage of flour obtained from grain. One of the most important indicators of grinding efficiency.
Granulation: Particle size distribution of ground material. One of important factors determining flour quality.
Semolina Purifier: Equipment combining air flow and sieve used in semolina purification. One of critical components of grinding system.
Break Passage: Grinding stage where grain passes through first breaking process. Usually expressed with codes like B1, B2, B3.
Reduction Passage: Grinding stage where semolina is converted to flour after breaking. Usually expressed with codes like C1, C2, C3.
Milling Diagram: Schematic drawing showing grinding flow, equipment layout and product transitions in mill.
Roller Milling: Process of grinding grain using rotating steel cylinders (rollers). Basic method of modern milling.
Passage Setting: Optimization of parameters such as roller gap, feeding speed in each grinding stage.
Double Grinding: Two-stage grinding process. Usually breaking in first stage, reduction in second stage.
Terms Specific to Cleaning and Preparation Operations
Scouring: Process of cleaning by slightly abrading dust and outer husk on wheat grain surface. Important stage before tempering.
Destoner: Equipment used to separate stones and heavy foreign materials from grain. Has critical importance to protect roller systems.
Tempering: Controlled moisture addition and resting process to bring wheat to optimum moisture content. Increases grinding efficiency.
Trieur: Equipment that separates foreign grains from grain according to shape difference. Used to distinguish short and long grains.
Foreign Material Separator: General name for equipment that separates unwanted materials from grain using various principles.
Dry Cleaning: Cleaning grains by mechanical methods without using water.
Washing Process: Removing dirt and foreign materials from grain surfaces by washing with water.
Magnetic Separation: Separation of metal particles from grain by magnetic attraction.
Specific Gravity Separation: Separation of grain and foreign materials by utilizing specific gravity differences.
Terms Specific to Storage and Transport Systems
Elevator: Bucket transport system used to transport grains and products vertically. Most commonly used equipment in intra-mill transport.
Pneumatic Conveying: Method of transporting products inside pipes using air flow. Commonly used especially for flour transport.
Rotary Valve: Rotating equipment used in pneumatic systems that provides air lock, allowing material passage while preventing air leakage.
Silo: Vertical or horizontal structures used to store grains and products. Used for storing wheat, intermediate products or final products.
Chain Conveyor: System that transports material horizontally or inclined using chain mechanism.
Belt Conveyor: System that transports material on flexible belt.
Screw Conveyor: System that transports material via spiral-shaped screw.
Flow Balancer: System that distributes product flow to different channels in balanced way.
Level Sensor: Device that measures material level in silos or bunkers.
Product Quality and Laboratory Terms
Flour Quality Parameters and Analysis Terms
Alveograph: Device that measures rheological properties of flour, testing dough extensibility and resistance. Measures important parameters like P/L value and W value.
Falling Number: Test that measures alpha-amylase enzyme activity in flour. Low values indicate high enzyme activity.
Gluten Index: Standardized test method used to measure gluten quality. Shows gluten strength.
Hectoliter Weight: Grain weight per unit volume (100 liters). Important indicator of wheat quality.
Sedimentation Value: Simple test method that evaluates flour protein quality. Zeleny and SDS sedimentation tests are commonly used.
Farinograph: Device that measures dough development and stability. Gives water absorption, dough development time and stability values.
Extensograph: Device that measures dough extensibility and resistance. Shows dough behavior during fermentation.
Mixograph: Device that graphically records dough mixing properties.
Amylograph: Device that measures starch gelatinization. Used in evaluating alpha-amylase activity.
Ash Analysis: Test that determines mineral matter content of flour. Indicator of flour yield.
Wheat Classification and Quality Terms
Thousand Kernel Weight: Weight in grams of 1000 grain pieces. Shows plumpness and quality of grains.
Glass Grain Ratio: Percentage of grains with vitreous endosperm in wheat grain. Quality indicator of hard wheats.
Hectoliter Weight: Weight of wheat per 100 liters in kilograms. Shows plumpness of wheat grains.
Protein Content: Percentage expression of protein amount in wheat or flour. Important selection criterion according to intended use.
Sunn Bug Damage: Quality loss caused by sunn bug damaging wheat proteins. Increases proteolytic enzyme activity.
Dormancy Period: Time that must pass after harvest for grain to gain germination ability.
Wet Gluten Amount: Amount of gluten obtainable from wheat flour. Important parameter showing bread-making quality.
Zeleny Sedimentation: Standard test that measures wheat protein quality. High values indicate good quality.
Glutograph Value: Test that measures gluten elasticity.
Technical and Engineering Terms
Machine and Equipment Component Terms
Diaphragm: Mechanical element that provides pressure or vibration transmission using flexible membrane.
Eccentric Shaft: Shaft with circles placed off-center, producing linear motion with rotational movement.
Flange: Circular connecting element that connects pipes, valves and equipment to each other.
Seal: Mechanical element made of flexible material that provides sealing.
Bearing: Mechanical element that serves as bearing for rotating shafts, reducing friction.
Bushing: Cylindrical element that provides protection against wear between two mechanical parts or guides movement.
Coupling: Mechanical element that connects two shafts together.
Pulley: Wheel-like element that provides motion transmission in belt-driven systems.
Scraper: Element that cleans material residues on conveyor belts.
Bearing System: Mechanical arrangement that supports rotating shafts.
Electrical and Automation Terms
Frequency Converter: Electronic device that changes electrical frequency to control motor speed. Provides energy saving and allows precise speed control.
HMI Panel: Human-Machine Interface; control panel that allows operators to interact with machines and systems. Touch screens are commonly used.
PLC: Programmable Logic Controller; computer-based device that controls industrial automation systems. Basic component of mill automation.
SCADA System: Central control and monitoring system; provides remote monitoring and control of all equipment in facility. Collects data, monitors processes and manages alarms.
Sensor: Device that converts physical variable (pressure, temperature, level, etc.) into electrical signal. Functions as “eyes and ears” of automation system.
Actuator: Device that receives signal and performs mechanical movement. Used in valves, motors, cylinders.
Encoder: Sensor that converts position or speed information into digital signal.
Flowmeter: Device that measures amount of fluid in pipe.
Level Transmitter: Device that measures and transmits material level in silos or tanks as signal.
Weight Transmitter: Device that converts weight information into electrical signal.
International Milling Terms
Commonly Used English Milling Terms
Break System: Breaking system – first roller systems used to separate wheat endosperm from bran.
Conditioning: Tempering – process of adjusting wheat moisture content before milling.
Middlings: Semolina – pieces obtained after breaking system, with bran separated but not yet fully converted to flour.
Reduction System: Reduction system – roller systems that grind semolina into finer particles to convert to flour.
Sifter: Sieve – vibrating sieve systems that classify ground products according to their sizes.
Purifier: Purifier – equipment that purifies using combination of air flow and sieving.
Roll Stand: Roller unit – main body where mill rollers are placed.
Screenroom: Sieve hall – section where sieves are located in mill.
Tempering: Tempering – wheat moistening process before milling.
Wheat Mix: Wheat blend – mixing different wheat varieties in specific proportions.
Commonly Used Milling Terms in Other Languages
Boulangerie (French): Bakery, art of bread making.
Mahlgrad (German): Grinding degree, flour fineness level.
Molino (Spanish/Italian): Mill.
Mouture (French): Grinding process.
Mühle (German): Mill.
Blé (French): Wheat.
Weizen (German): Wheat.
Farina (Italian): Flour.
Mehl (German): Flour.
Tamis (French): Sieve.
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Frequently Used Abbreviations in Milling Sector
BM: First Break (Break Mill)
HLW: Hectoliter Weight
ICC: International Association for Cereal Science and Technology
NIR: Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
RH: Relative Humidity
FN: Falling Number
GI: Gluten Index
TKW: Thousand Kernel Weight
SDS: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (chemical used in sedimentation test)
MAP: Modified Atmosphere Packaging
PLC: Programmable Logic Controller
HMI: Human-Machine Interface
SCADA: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
QC: Quality Control
HACCP: Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point
Conclusion
This dictionary is a comprehensive compilation of technical terms used in the milling and grain processing sector. As Tanış A.Ş., we are pleased to provide a valuable reference source to industry professionals, students, and enthusiasts.
The dictionary is regularly updated and expanded. We continuously renew our content to include terms that emerge with technological developments and new applications in the sector.
As Tanış A.Ş., with our experience of over 60 years in milling technologies, we not only provide equipment to the sector but also offer knowledge and training support. For more information about our detailed training programs, technical consulting services, and sectoral solutions, you can visit the relevant sections of our website.
If you would like to contribute to our dictionary, suggest additional terms, or provide feedback about existing explanations, please do not hesitate to contact us. Knowledge gains value when shared.
We wish you success in your journey in the milling and grain processing sector.